If you’ve been wondering how to avoid microplastics in everyday life, your laundry room is a surprisingly important place to start. Every time synthetic clothes like polyester, nylon and fleece go through the washer or dryer, they release tiny plastic fibers into the environment.
The good news is that a few simple changes — from washing habits to the clothes you buy — can help cut down on the amount of microplastics your household sends into the air and waterways.
What Are Microplastics and Where Do They Come From?
Microplastics are tiny plastic fragments, and the most common type found in the environment are microfibers — thread-like filaments shed from synthetic fabrics, according to PBS. Washing machines and dryers are among the biggest sources releasing them into water and air.
A 2025 study published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry found each dryer load releases roughly 138 mg of microfibers, adding up to more than 3,500 tons of microplastics per year.
An average three-pound load of laundry sheds hundreds of thousands of microfibers into the sewer system, according to Columbia Climate School’s State of the Planet.
“We believe that the laundering of clothes and the effluents that are released from washing machines are the biggest source of microplastic fibers in our waterways,” said Joaquim Goes, an ocean biochemist at Columbia Climate School’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.
Which Fabrics Shed the Most Microplastics?
Polyester, nylon, acrylic and elastane are the worst offenders. These synthetic fibers are essentially plastic — polyester is chemically similar to PET water bottles, just spun into thread form.
Polyester appears in athletic wear, bedsheets and fast fashion basics. Nylon is heavy in activewear, stockings, swimwear and outerwear. Acrylic, often used as a wool substitute in sweaters and blankets, is one of the worst shedders of microfibers. Elastane — also called spandex or Lycra — gives stretch to jeans, leggings and underwear.
Synthetic clothes often contain chemical additives, too: PFAS for water and stain resistance, phthalates in rubbery screen-printed designs and bisphenol A (BPA) as a byproduct of polyester manufacturing. These chemicals can leach out through wear, washing and heat, adding a toxicological problem on top of the physical pollution.
How Do Microplastics From Laundry Spread?
Laundry microplastics disperse three main ways: through wastewater, through soil and through the air. Washing machines release hundreds of thousands of synthetic fibers per cycle, and treatment plants can’t catch them all — the rest pass into rivers, lakes and oceans.
“In the ocean, microplastics coming from laundry make up almost 35 percent of primary microplastics,” Ariana Aspuru said in an episode of the “Wall Street Journal Bold Names” podcast, per SF Gate.
The fibers treatment plants do capture end up in sewage sludge, which is widely used as agricultural fertilizer, spreading microplastics across farmland. Discarded dryer lint in landfills introduces fibers into surrounding soil, and wind carries them onto nearby land.
In the air, dryer vents push fibers that escape the lint trap directly outdoors. Synthetic microfibers have been detected in the atmosphere in remote Arctic and mountain locations. Indoor air in homes also carries elevated levels from handling and drying synthetic clothing.
How to Avoid Microplastics When Doing Laundry?
The most effective steps are choosing natural fibers, washing in cold water on full loads and installing a washing machine filter for microplastics. Together these dramatically cut how many fibers leave your home.
For fabrics, opt for organic cotton, linen, hemp, silk or wool — they still shed, but the fibers biodegrade. Avoid fuzzy polyester fleece, the worst shedder. Tightly woven fabrics release fewer fibers than loose weaves. Look for GOTS or OEKO-TEX certifications, and buy secondhand when possible, since pre-worn clothes have already lost most of their loose fibers.
For washing, the National Park Service recommends cold water and shorter cycles. Wash only full loads to reduce friction between fabrics, skip extra rinse cycles and front-load washers shed less than top-loaders. Counterintuitively, avoid the gentle cycle — despite the name, it runs longer and sheds more fibers.
What Is the Best Washing Machine Filter for Microplastics?
Aftermarket microfiber filters that attach to your washing machine’s drain line capture about 87 percent of fibers, according to a 2018 study. They are the single most effective at-home intervention.
If you can’t install an external filter, in-drum catchers like the Cora Ball and mesh wash bags like the Guppyfriend collect fibers shed from synthetic garments inside the machine. Dispose of captured fibers in a sealed, non-recyclable container — never rinse them down the drain, which defeats the entire purpose.
For drying, hang clothes whenever possible to avoid heat and friction. If you use a dryer, lower the temperature, shorten the cycle, clean the lint filter after every load and consider installing an outdoor lint trap on the vent. Wool dryer balls are a better choice than dryer sheets, which leave residue and are themselves waste.
Is There Laundry Detergent Without Microplastics?
Yes — powder detergents in cardboard boxes, refill-station liquids, compostable tablets and solid detergent bars are the lowest-impact options. Most mainstream detergents come with hidden plastic problems.
Detergent pods and sheets often contain polyvinyl alcohol, or PVA, a dissolvable plastic that doesn’t fully break down in treatment plants. Liquid detergents come in plastic jugs that add to overall plastic waste. Powder detergents cause more friction in the wash and may slightly increase shedding, so the trade-off depends on which pollution problem you’re prioritizing.
To reduce microplastics in water that’s already in your home, vacuum and wet-dust regularly to keep settled fibers from going airborne, and consider an air purifier to capture fibers circulating in indoor air.
